This paper concerns the planning, design, and construction history of a postwar multifamily housing block in Ankara, Turkey, viewed from the perspective of the transnational and local networks behind its realization. It was the tallest housing block in the Esat neighborhood, with a reinforced concrete structural framework, pilotisand a terraced roof with communal spaces. Besides adopting the formal characteristics and common construction materials of its time, as this paper suggests, the building is emblematic of the postwar housing production from policy and development to design, construction, and domestic culture. Through content analysis based on archival sources, official reports and architectural Mass Effect 1 Flux Casino as well as Mass Effect 1 Flux Casino testimonies collected from cooperative members and residents of the building, this paper questions the transnational extent of the Marshall Plan, to which a local housing cooperative could represent. In this respect, the paper argues that the block is a transnational prototype of US-guided local modernization, based on the US-promoted self-help model that introduced an autonomous organization to housing production in Turkey. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Planung, der Gestaltung und der Baugeschichte eines Mehrfamilienwohnblocks aus der Nachkriegszeit im türkischen Ankara und beleuchtet dazu die länderübergreifenden und lokalen Netzwerke, die bei seiner Entstehung zum Tragen kamen. Gebaut wurde er von der Mintrak-Wohnungsbaugenossenschaftdie von leitenden Bauingenieuren und Geschäftsführern von TürkTraktör — der ersten, im Zuge des Marshall-Plans eröffneten Traktorenfirma der Türkei — gegründet worden war. Der Wohnblock ist ein lokales Beispiel für den Internationalen Stil, der überall in der Türkei zu finden ist. Der Bau übernimmt nicht nur die formalen Merkmale und üblichen Baumaterialien seiner Zeit, sondern ist zudem, wie aus diesem Beitrag hervorgeht, repräsentativ für den Wohnungsbau der Nachkriegszeit, in der Politik und Entwicklung ausschlaggebend für die Gestaltung, den Bau und die Wohnkultur waren. Der aufgrund der Wohnungsbaupolitik nach dem Krieg als Teil einer Arbeiter-Wohnungsgenossenschaft gebaute, aber von leitenden, in den USA ausgebildeten Angestellten eines transnationalen Unternehmens gegründete Block ist — im Hinblick auf transnationalen und lokalen Austausch und dessen Folgen für Stadt, Architektur und Gesellschaft — ein Paradebeispiel für die Amerikanisierung der Türkei in der Nachkriegszeit. Inhaltlich stützt sich die Untersuchung auf Archivquellen und Architekturzeichnungen sowie auf offizielle Berichte und Zeitzeugenaussagen von Genossenschaftsmitgliedern und Bewohnern des Gebäudes. Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, ob eine lokale Wohnungsgenossenschaft die länderübergreifende Tragweite des Marshall-Plans repräsentieren kann. Entsprechend kommt der Artikel zu dem Schluss, dass der Wohnblock ein transnationaler Prototyp der US-amerikanisch angeleiteten lokalen Modernisierung war, der auf einem von den US-Amerikanern beworbenen Selbsthilfemodell basierte, mit dem eine eigenständige Organisationsform in den Wohnungsbausektor der Türkei eingeführt wurde. El artículo relata la historia de la planificación, el diseño y la construcción de un edificio de viviendas multifamiliar en el periodo de posguerra en Ankara, Turquía, y su relación con las redes locales y transnacionales. Construido por la Mintrak Building Cooperativefundada por ingenieros y directores ejecutivos de TürkTraktör, la primera empresa de tractores de Turquía establecida como parte del Plan Marshallel edificio constituye uno de los ejemplos locales del estilo internacional que se implantó en todo el país. En su momento, se trataba del edificio de apartamentos más alto del distrito de Mass Effect 1 Flux Casino. Poseía estructura de hormigón armado sobre pilotes, azotea y espacios comunes. Además de adoptar las características formales y los materiales de construcción propios de su época, el edificio es representativo de la producción de viviendas del periodo de posguerra, como bien refleja el artículo, tanto desde un punto de vista político, en relación con el desarrollo, como en lo referente al diseño, la edificación y la cultura local. La política de vivienda de la posguerra fomentaba las cooperativas de viviendas para trabajadores. Obedeciendo a dicha política y aun perteneciendo a empleados ejecutivos de una empresa transnacional formados en los Estados Unidos, el edificio ilustra la americanización de Turquía después de la guerra, en sus relaciones transnacionales y locales, y la huella de dichas relaciones en los ámbitos urbanístico, arquitectónico y social. A este respecto, se sostiene que el edificio es un prototipo transnacional de modernización local dirigida desde los Estados Unidos y basada en el modelo de autoayuda promovido también desde los Estados Unidos, que introdujo una organización autónoma en la producción de vivienda en Turquía. Cet article suggère qu'en plus d'adopter les caractéristiques formelles et les matériaux de construction courants de son époque, le bâtiment est très représentatif de la production de logements de l'après-guerre : politique, développement, conception, mise en œuvre et culture domestique. Questo articolo ripercorre la storia della pianificazione, della progettazione e della costruzione di un complesso residenziale multifamiliare cooperativo del dopoguerra ad Ankara, in Turchia, alla luce delle reti transnazionali e locali alla base della sua realizzazione. Con la sua struttura in cemento armato, i suoi pilotis e il suo tetto a terrazza con spazi comuni, nel momento della sua costruzione era il più alto edificio del quartiere di Esat. This article originates from my further research on the building, including oral testimonies collected from cooperative members and residents, that I conducted in as part of the doctoral seminar AH Architectural History Research Studio: Ankaraled by Prof. Altan, Prof. Bayraktar and Assoc. I am grateful to Prof. Elvan Altan for kindly offering the opportunity to share my research in the panel and for her editorial support in the book chapter; to Prof. Finally, I am thankful to the anonymous reviewers, issue editors, journal editors, and copyeditors of this article for their in-depth reviews and comments which helped me construct a more concise and stronger text. The Marshall Plan is an international cooperative. Participating members help each other on the condition of their self-help. This is a public program. Its aim is: a better occupation, a better home, a better healthcare, a fairer distribution system, and increasing standard of life through political and economic rights. Öz left Turkey for Yale inupon finishing his undergraduate studies in law at Ankara University, when the Turkish-American Association, of which Öz would later serve as director, was founded in Ankara as part of a bilateral agreement signed in between the two governments. The consortium was piloted by Vecdi Dikera civil engineer educated at the University of Missouri, and the first director of the General Directorate of Highways in Turkey. The first tractor rolled off its assembly line on March 8, Koç Trade Co. He had foreseen the US-guided postwar free trade boom and, inhad already made profitable deals with many US companies. The program was led by James M. Barker, who came to Turkey in the summer ofimmediately after the general elections on May 14,that brought the opposition DP to power. He promoted both cultural and business cooperation, making contacts with major US companies engaging in transnational activities. It occupied the former site of the state plane and motor factory established within the scope of the Early Republican policies for the production and maintenance of Turkish planes. Like Öz, some of them had just returned from university training in the US fig.
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